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This summary offers some fascinating insights from cognitive linguistics for language teaching with specific examples.

Teaching phonics and teaching pronunciation both focus on sounds, but they have different goals, methods, and outcomes, especially for second language (L2) learners. Here’s a clear comparison you can use for developing activities and applying teaching strategies. 1. Primary Goal Phonics To help learners decode written words (reading) To help learners encode sounds into letters (spelling) Main question: “How do letters represent sounds in print?” Pronunciation To help learners

Dr. Linh Phung and her colleagues at the TESOL Convention in 2025 I have worked with many Vietnamese students on their speaking skills, often by listening to recordings and giving detailed feedback through the Eduling app. From this experience, I’ve noticed that three pronunciation issues consistently stand out to listeners and especially to examiners on tests like IELTS: final consonant sounds , word stress and sound lengthening , and the short /ɪ/ sound . 1. Final consonan